Revolutionary Quantum Computing Leap: Single Molecules Employed as Qubits

2023-12-09 09:33:27

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Molecules as Qubits: A Novel Quantum Computing Breakthrough

Researchers have broken new ground in the realm of quantum computing by utilizing individual molecules trapped by laser tools, known as optical tweezers, as qubits. For the first time ever, two independent teams have manipulated pairs of calcium monofluoride molecules into becoming entangled, an essential phenomenon for the functionality of quantum computers.

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Renowned physicist, Adam Kaufman, lauded this as a "landmark result," highlighting its potential to greatly enhance the capabilities of molecular tweezer arrays within the universe of quantum applications.

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Quantum computing concepts, which trace back to the late 1990s, initially employed *numerous molecules* within nuclear magnetic resonance machines. Since these early experiments, a diverse array of quantum computing platforms have developed, such as superconducting circuits and isolated ions in a vacuum, with each entity serving as a qubit.

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In recent times, quantum bits (qubits) made of neutral atoms restrained by laser beam tweezers have become an emerging and strong alternative.

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Entangled Molecules at Near-Zero Temperatures

Relying on optical tweezers configured into arrays, the teams trapped singular molecules within each unit. These molecules were then cooled to extreme lows of tens of microkelvins through laser techniques. This near-absolute zero temperature brought the molecules to a quasi-static state, where rotation could be controlled at the quantum level.

By setting the non-rotating molecules to symbolize a qubit's '0' state and those with rotation to denote '1', a solid foundation for entanglement was laid. This process created a linked quantum system that is crucial for running quantum algorithms.

The molecular approach to quantum computing might be slower compared to other qubit systems for most applications. Nonetheless, the inherent advantages lie in its potential for quantum simulations leveraging 'qutrits'. These qutrits, with their three possible states, could be key to simulations of intricate materials or fundamental physical forces.

Furthermore, the development could advance the use of trapped molecules in ultra-precise measurements, potentially uncovering new elementary particles. Physicist Hannah Williams of Durham University attributes this achievement to the rapid progression of the field, suggesting that molecule-based systems could provide a competitive edge in quantum simulation.

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